Therapeutic Cloning And Its Controversy - 1313 Words

Therapeutic Cloning and its Controversy The idea of finding a way to cure people of diseases with their own cells is one that scientists, physicians, and those who are afflicted by such diseases find very enticing. Therapeutic cloning is a process that scientists believe has the potential to achieve such goals in the future. While therapeutic cloning brings with it a variety of potential benefits and innovations, it also carries with it a polarizing ethical conflict that poses a strong impediment to furthering such research and development. By realizing therapeutic cloning for its great potential benefits and world changing implications and disregarding any ethical considerations that may deter such advancement, the proper focus and open-mindedness necessary to achieve success in the field would be achieved. Therapeutic cloning, like all medical endeavors, includes a multitude of challenges and flaws, but no very important medical achievements come about without extensive research a nd continual attempts at success. Therapeutic cloning is a process in which the cells of one person are manipulated into becoming the stem cells for another person through Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT). This process involves taking oocytes, or immature female egg cells that are generated during ovulation, incubating them in in vivo culture, and extracting the nucleus of such cells and replacing them with the the nucleus of another cell. This produces a stem cell with a genetic make-upShow MoreRelatedThe Human Of Human Cloning1100 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Cloning 1. INTRODUCTION Human  cloning  is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. However, this term not only refers to the entire artificial human, but also the reproduction of human cells and tissues. There are two types of theoretical human cloning: reproductive cloning which would involve making an entire cloned human and the other, therapeutic cloning, which would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants by somatic-cell nuclear transfer orRead MoreReport on Therapeutic Cloning1109 Words   |  4 PagesArgumentative Paper - Therapeutic Cloning A sheep named Dolly is the first thing to come to mind when the term cloning arises. Everyone remembers the hoopla or has read of the hoopla that surrounded the birth and survival of the first successfully cloned animal. This is because cloning, to some, is a questionable practice at best. In general terms, cloning is the replication of another animal. It is a process whereby an identical twin is created in a lab. However, cloning is not limited to replicatingRead MoreThe Human Of Human Cloning1098 Words   |  5 Pages1. INTRODUCTION Human  cloning  is the creation of a genetically identical copy of a human. However, this term not only refers to the entire artificial human, but also the reproduction of human cells and tissues. There are two types of theoretical human cloning: reproductive cloning which would involve making an entire cloned human and the other, therapeutic cloning, which would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants by somatic-cell nuclear transfer or pluripotent stemRead MoreThe Ethics of Human Cloning Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesHuman cloning is separated into two major categories; reproductive cloning, which uses cloning technology to create a human embryo that will produce an entire human, and therapeutic, which adopt cloning into field of medical practices to find a cure for many diseases (Kass). Reproductive cloning requires a somatic cell, a DNA-less egg, and a surrogate mother; as a result, it creates a new individual with the same genome, or genetic coding. The idea originated in Germany in 1938, but the first successfulRead More Embryonic Wars Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pages The specific objective of this major essay is to clarify and summarise the controversial debate concerning the ethical decency of embryonic cloning for therapeutic purposes. This is the form of cloning that is supposedly beneficial to a barrage of medical applications. We will identify the key opposing ethical perspectives such as those of the justification of embryonic research based on the normative theory of consequentialism. This paper will also probe into the relatively brief history of theRead MoreShould Human Cloning Be Pursued? Essay810 Words   |  4 Pagessome movies, cloning in real life doesn’t produce a full grown exact replica of someone. A type of cloning that occurs naturally is when identical twins are born (â€Å"What Is Cloning?†). Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a type of cloning that has to be done in a lab. In SCNT they take the nucleolus out of an egg cell, replace it with the nucleolus of a somatic cell (body cell with two complete sets of chromosomes), and make the egg cell divide into a blastocyst (â€Å"What Is Cloning?†). There areRead MoreStem Cell Research : Ethics, Cloning And Curing The Disease1220 Words   |  5 Pages Honors English 3 13 Apr. 2016 Research Paper Outline Stem Cell Research - Ethics, Cloning and Curing the Disease Introduction According to former Speaker of the House, John Boehner, †Stem cell research must be carried out in an ethical manner in a way that respects the sanctity of human life.† In recent events, stem cell research has caught the attention of the nation and stirred up controversy about the research and ethics along with it. Ethically, stem cell research has caught moreRead MoreWhy Is Cloning? Living A Wonderful Life?1668 Words   |  7 PagesWhy Cloning? Imagine living a wonderful life. A life full of friends and loving relationships. A healthy life. Celebrating holidays with friends and families and finally starting to fall in love with the person might†. Then all of a sudden your wonderful life comes to a screeching halt when you go to the doctor and is diagnosed with HIV, a fatal disease with no cure. You’re now faced with countless decisions such as whether or not you want to be heavily medicated. More medications could lead toRead MoreLiving A Wonderful Life : A Life Full Of Friends And Loving Relationships1666 Words   |  7 Pagesup. Cloning could provide an efficient way to find resistance and cures to diseases while providing an option to infertile couples. Human cloning is the process of using nuclear transfer, (a process of dna transfer) to a human cell in order to grow human cells. Human cloning is necessary and inevitable and research in the fields of reproductive and therapeutic cloning should continue to develop. Human cloning should be legal because reproductive cloning is inevitable and therapeutic cloning providesRead MoreIs Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer?1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe second way to get hESCs is by man-created. One technology of man-creating hESCs is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), commonly referred to as cloning. This technique is also used in therapeutic cloning, which creates hESCs to treat or cure a patient with the disease. Since the created hESC contains DNA that’s virtually identical to the existing patient, this could eliminate the significant problem of tissue rejection, which could be the â€Å"impediment to the clinical success of regenerative medicine

Short Story - 705 Words

Cynthia sat near Julian as if they were back to the very first time they met back on that cold winter day where even despite the below freezing temperatures in the midst of January, Julian made his departure off the stage dripping in sweat, so much so that the towel he had used to wipe his neck and forehead flooded the room with the scent of slightly unpleasant body odor, though Cynthia had gotten used to it in a matter of minutes. As he sat down next to her, Cynthia inched just a tad closer, desperately hoping that Julian wouldn’t notice her seemingly fervent need for closeness... but of course he did. This was one of the reasons she admired him: his focus on every mere, exquisite detail. Even just a miniscule but sudden change in†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"You have got to be kidding me,† Cynthia blurted, her anger causing her words to shake. Problem? Julian asked, leaning on his sprawled elbows. It was a challenge, that much was clear. Why dont we just ring the church bells and get it over with? Jane’s face went somewhat pink, and Cynthia realized shed never seen her angry before. The abrupt, hard set of Jane’s jaw made it clear that if she wasnt angry yet, she was certainly working on it, and Cynthia was suddenly dying to push her over the edge. Julilan raised an eyebrow, his fond smile for Jane turning into more of a smirk. â€Å"What’re you on about, Cyn?† questioned Julian, full-well knowing the reason already for her hateful jealousy. â€Å"Always following each other around, not letting each other go out of reach. It’s a wonder the rumors haven’t started already.† She stopped before opening her mouth to talk again, carefully choosing the right words. â€Å"People already think that about you, don’t they, Jul?† The color drained from his face. Cynthia shot back again, â€Å"You’ll drag your entire group down with you.† â€Å"Is that what you think?† Julian demanded. â€Å"You’re the one acting like a jealous piece. You think people don’t talk about you? And how do ya think you look now? Crying over nothing.† She wiped quickly at her cheeks, surprised to find them wet. â€Å"I-† she stuttered before she was interrupted again.Show MoreRelatedshort story1018 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Short Stories:  Ã‚  Characteristics †¢Short  - Can usually be read in one sitting. †¢Concise:  Ã‚  Information offered in the story is relevant to the tale being told.  Ã‚  This is unlike a novel, where the story can diverge from the main plot †¢Usually tries to leave behind a  single impression  or effect.  Ã‚  Usually, though not always built around one character, place, idea, or act. †¢Because they are concise, writers depend on the reader bringing  personal experiences  and  prior knowledge  to the story. Four MajorRead MoreThe Short Stories Ideas For Writing A Short Story Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pageswriting a short story. Many a time, writers run out of these short story ideas upon exhausting their sources of short story ideas. If you are one of these writers, who have run out of short story ideas, and the deadline you have for coming up with a short story is running out, the short story writing prompts below will surely help you. Additionally, if you are being tormented by the blank Microsoft Word document staring at you because you are not able to come up with the best short story idea, youRead MoreShort Story1804 Words   |  8 PagesShort story: Definition and History. A  short story  like any other term does not have only one definition, it has many definitions, but all of them are similar in a general idea. According to The World Book Encyclopedia (1994, Vol. 12, L-354), â€Å"the short story is a short work of fiction that usually centers around a single incident. Because of its shorter length, the characters and situations are fewer and less complicated than those of a novel.† In the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s DictionaryRead MoreShort Stories648 Words   |  3 Pageswhat the title to the short story is. The short story theme I am going conduct on is â€Å"The Secret Life of Walter Mitty’ by James Thurber (1973). In this short story the literary elements being used is plot and symbols and the theme being full of distractions and disruption. The narrator is giving a third person point of view in sharing the thoughts of the characters. Walter Mitty the daydreamer is very humorous in the different plots of his dr ifting off. In the start of the story the plot, symbols,Read MoreShort Stories1125 Words   |  5 PagesThe themes of short stories are often relevant to real life? To what extent do you agree with this view? In the short stories â€Å"Miss Brill† and â€Å"Frau Brechenmacher attends a wedding† written by Katherine Mansfield, the themes which are relevant to real life in Miss Brill are isolation and appearance versus reality. Likewise Frau Brechenmacher suffers through isolation throughout the story and also male dominance is one of the major themes that are highlighted in the story. These themes areRead MoreShort Story and People1473 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Title: Story Of An Hour Author: Kate Chopin I. On The Elements / Literary Concepts The short story Story Of An Hour is all about the series of emotions that the protagonist, Mrs. Mallard showed to the readers. With the kind of plot of this short story, it actually refers to the moments that Mrs. Mallard knew that all this time, her husband was alive. For the symbol, I like the title of this short story because it actually symbolizes the time where Mrs. Mallard died with joy. And with thatRead MoreShort Story Essay1294 Words   |  6 PagesA short story concentrates on creating a single dynamic effect and is limited in character and situation. It is a language of maximum yet economical effect. Every word must do a job, sometimes several jobs. Short stories are filled with numerous language and sound devices. These language and sound devices create a stronger image of the scenario or the characters within the text, which contribute to the overall pre-designed effect.As it is shown in the metaphor lipstick bleeding gently in CinnamonRead MoreGothic Short Story1447 W ords   |  6 Pages The End. In the short story, â€Å"Emma Barrett,† the reader follows a search party group searching for a missing girl named Emma deep in a forest in Oregon. The story follows through first person narration by a group member named Holden. This story would be considered a gothic short story because of its use of setting, theme, symbolism, and literary devices used to portray the horror of a missing six-year-old girl. Plot is the literal chronological development of the story, the sequence of eventsRead MoreRacism in the Short Stories1837 Words   |  7 PagesOften we read stories that tell stories of mixing the grouping may not always be what is legal or what people consider moral at the time. The things that you can learn from someone who is not like you is amazing if people took the time to consider this before judging someone the world as we know it would be a completely different place. The notion to overlook someone because they are not the same race, gender, creed, religion seems to be the way of the world for a long time. Racism is so prevalentRead MoreThe Idol Short Story1728 Words   |  7 PagesThe short stories â€Å"The Idol† by Adolfo Bioy Casares and â€Å"Axolotl† by Julio Cortà ¡zar address the notion of obsession, and the resulting harm that can come from it. Like all addictions, obsession makes one feel overwhelmed, as a single thought comes to continuously intr uding our mind, causing the individual to not be able to ignore these thoughts. In â€Å"Axolotl†, the narrator is drawn upon the axolotls at the Jardin des Plantes aquarium and his fascination towards the axolotls becomes an obsession. In

1914 war poem Essay Example For Students

1914 war poem Essay Compare and contrast at least one post 1914 war poem with Charge of the Light Brigade by Lord Tennyson, focus on different views of war and how they are conveyed  The poems that I will look at are: Dulce et Decorum Est by W. Owen and The charge of the light brigade by A. Tennyson. These two poems show two completely different views on war, the first is a view showing glory and honour therefore the glory of war and the other view looks at the suffering and dying, basically the reality of war. I will talk about movement, imagery and techniques used by the authors and look at the views the poems have. The opening line in Dulce is already a negative one;  Bent double, like old beggars, as the opening line, this has already created an image in my head as a reader of these soldiers that are tired and not like you would normally imagine a soldier to be like, this is looking into the suffering of the soldiers; you can tell by the language used, Bent double. In contrast to this, the first mention of movement in The Charge is one of bravery;  Rode the six hundred Charge for the guns!  At the mention of six hundred you imagine a strong force, full of bravery, charging for the guns, this glorifies war and is straight away a lot different to the other poem. Another point showing contrast between the two is here; in Dulce I have taken this quote because its another case of the negativity portrayed in movement during this poem;  rest began to trudge. Men marched asleep here men are so tired every step is hard and they are so tired they are falling asleep, the reality of war here is conveyed with language like trudge, and the poet is putting a big down on way. In The Charge however, the quote shows a completely different view;  Boldly they rode and well, from this we see brave soldiers riding to war which gives us a positive image again, glorifying war by using words like Boldly, you think of soldiers riding without fear which is highly unlikely which makes this poem the opposite to reality. The last set of quotes I have chosen show how different these two poems are and how one word can have two completely different meanings depending on what context its in. In Dulce this quote is just after a gas bomb has been dropped and one man has not managed to get his mask on;  He plunges at me, guttering, chocking, drowning here I picture a man reaching out in desperation, about to die which really puts a negative feel on the war using language like guttering which means flame going out but I feel it is used here to symbolize life going out. From The Charge Ive taken this;  Plunged in the battery smoke The word Plunged is used completely differently here, instead of someone reaching out is desperation; its the army plunging into the smoke with glory and bravery and this word is used to convey a positive image on the war.  Already looking at both poems I can already see how different they are; one looks at the war in a negative way, referring to soldiers as beggars, whereas the other looks at the soldiers as brave.  The next thing I will look at in these two poems is the imagery used and what the writer does to put images in a readers head. Firstly I have taken this quote from Dulce

Reflections of Observing a Board Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Reflections of Observing a Board. Answer: Incident report and reflections of observing a Board Description of the incident I put myself in the position of a board member where I am liable to recruit personnel for my organization. I know that selecting right people for the organization is the vital process. In this process, we not only have to assess the education qualities of the candidates but also we have to evaluate their cultural background and what kind of people they actually are. I believe that a good recruitment process plays its significance by reducing the time involved in searching, interviewing and hiring the candidates. Oliveira (2007) also stated that in a recruitment process, thousands and hundreds of candidates usually apply for particular position, however; the board members have to critically evaluate the ability and qualification of the person. The problem for the recruitment board members also increases when there the position is vacant for some management designation and only one or two person will be selected. I have also faced the same problem as we have to select a managerial pers on for IT department. Our organization is planning to expand virtually through online presence apart from the physical presence. The most important decision that we have taken earlier is that we will incorporate an in-house IT department rather than hiring some third party service provider. Thus, we have planned to build an entire team but our main focus is to select the IT manager, who can also help us to build the entire IT team for maintaining all the information management process. I have set some short-listing criteria for selecting a manager for IT department and this s that we first have to assess and review the applications independently and match the quality and ability of the person to meet the requirements of each selection criterion. All the board members allocate a provisional score to each candidate for every criterion individually. We also assess the cultural and traditional background of the candidate so that the social nature of the person can be evaluated. I have taken a decision to discuss each application along with the score that they have allocated. All the board members have thus; present their view on selecting or rejecting the candidates for the concerned designation. The most important thing that I have learned is that every assessor has different view to select a candidate and each perspective has a valid point. Taken for instance, one of the board member prefers to select a candidate who have more practical experience rather than great e ducational qualification; while, other assessor prefer to choose a candidate, who has more innovative idea that can provide the organization an competitive advantage. In this aspect, I have suggested to take a situation test of the candidates so that their ability can be judged to take quick action in the time of emergency or a situation when the subordinate need the persons direction. Scores are also given to each candidates based on their performance and the final scores are then recorded in the selection grid. Moreover, the decisions regarding the selection of the application are made through voting and to the candidates most where maximum votes have obtained is selected for the position of IT manager. Theory supports the incident I have selected the prospect theory to support my decision. Kacprzyk and Fedrizzi (2012) stated that this theory illustrates that in spite of the involvement of the risk, people choose between probabilistic alternatives. People also make decision based on the potential value of losses and gains. I believe that people choose such alternative as they know the possible outcome of the selective process. I have also chosen the decision to implement the suggestion for situational assessment of the candidates based on the benefits that the organization will get. I think that theoretical knowledge is important as they provide us alternative ideas and a systematic way to solve a problem. Moreover, the situational assessment also provides the benefit of evaluating the real-time decision making ability of the selected candidate also that how well the person guide or direct their subordinate and accomplishes the desired goal and objective of the organization. According to this model, editing is the initial phase that alleviates some framing effects (Glimcher and Fehr 2013). Zimmermann (2012) also depicts that in this phase, all the members are considered individual rather than a group. In this context, I can say that I have considered all the members individually and assess their performance by matching with every criterion. This will allow the organization to select effective candidates for their organization. I have also considered voting majority and undertake all the perception suggested by different members individually. I can thus say that I have selected a decision that has greater benefits than disadvantage. My decision is can also be considered under the description of cultural ethical model of decision-making. This model is developed in 1999 and is not much research scholar discussed ethics and culture as a part of the decision-making models. However, I believed that there people can also be evaluated through their social nature and their working and thinking ability is also influenced by the candidates surroundings. Thus, I consider making judgments based on the culture and social tradition that a person follow is a part of the decision making process. Ford and Richardson (2013) define that cultural ethical model comprises of four critical aspects- needs and expectations of the organizations members, needs and expectations of the prospective member, needs and expectations of the prospective stakeholders and finally the demands and prospect of customers (Gal et al. 2013). In this case, I also consider the capacity and strategic position of the company and the ethical implications of th ese choices. I have suggested the process of incorporating the situational assessment as a part of the manager selection as not every individual reflects their ability in words mentioned in their curriculum vitae. Moreover, the organization is initiating the information technology (IT) department first time and thus, the ability of the person has to be assessed carefully. I think that in this way, every individual can show their performance for getting selected for the concerned designation. Future recommendations I have come to learn that ethical dilemma can occur while considering culture and ethics in decision making. Heugh (2012) stated that the dilemmas can be difficulty in specifying which ethics can be considered, whether or not every ethics should be considered from a single perspective, whether or not the evidence got from society validates the persons situation. I desire to take majority perception so that each individual can assess the cases from their perspective and a candidate can get an unbiased decision for getting selected for the position. I also want to develop selection criterion closely aligned with the organizational policies so that the section process of the candidates can be occurred effectively. I also want to evaluate the organizational policies carefully and include other board members to discuss about the pros and cons of the selected criteria. However, in some cases, some special cases should be considered that can be handled by the board members. Journal notes and advice to future students Entry from your Learning Journal The source that I have considered is about college admissions in a reputed university. The board members here assess every single detail that is going to be assessed for selecting the student as their future students. There are 8,000 applicants submitted their form for getting admission which is divided into 30+ geographical regions by the managing authorities. Moreover, two experts are allocated for assessing the application from a single region. These assessors evaluate the educational qualifications as well as the curriculum activi0ties along with the interested activities. These assessors values the experience in the curricular activities as they believe that a students need to balance both the studies and hobbies equally for an effective lifestyle. All these selection criteria are evaluated and ultimately out of 8000 candidates, only 1,000 candidates are shortlisted who are eligible for taking admission in the college. Some information sheet of the candidates comprises of proble m that they have face and had influence in their grades and behavior. The head of the board ask for majority that how many of them actually agree on the situation and the difficulty that the student faced. I would consider this aspect as a ethical decision making as they are judging the entire process by evaluating all the aspect of educational qualification, activities and social environment. In one case, a student had mentioned their poverty and family situation. However, when the grades are compared, it shows a greater intelligence level and the board members considered this fact as the positive factor for the student. Thus, it can be said that there is a significant role of the bard in overseeing the talent development. I have observed that the first concern that any committee undertakes is the board composition. The resource also illustrates that the entire clients work and stakeholders activity are closely evaluated in order to selecting an effective board committee. The impact of their work and the perception they posses is also assess and then members are selected among the stakeholders. Another important things that the source have highlighted is that the human resource manager should be a part of the senior management so that not only the person consider the organizational objectives effectively but also select people who have the potential to fulfill those objectives for the betterment of the organization. However, some experts argues that they are not considering the human resources as a member of the senior management but they enhance their responsibility and this is the reason that in re cent time some organization relabeled the designation of the chief human resource officer to president of human capital solutions. This approach allows them to sense the feeling of being a leader among the other business leaders. In this way, the HR officer also manages talent effectively. Companies also invest great financial resource in managing their talent and as a result, middle-capital companies spent millions of dollars while large capita companies invent billion of dollars in talent management. However, in this aspect, the return on human capital is also assessed by the board members. The members of the bard also evaluates whether the financial resources are spent on talent management technology or the process like recruitment, talent programs and coaching. It is considered that if a company invests more on the talent management activities rather than talent management technology, the board members of the organization can be considered effective. Advice to future student I would suggest the student to make a cost benefit analysis prior to taking a decision so that it can be assess whether or not the selected decision is effective for attuning profitability. In this context, the students are also advised to consider pros and cons related to the developed decision. This process also allows them to visualize the opportunity cost. Furthermore, I would like to also suggest them to evaluate the significance by assessing how much time should they spend contemplating over a potential decision. This measurement minimizes the agonizing indecision. Student in this way also get to know their ability to take decisions. Moreover, suggestion from experts of mentors will also help them to take effective decisions. In this way, these students get a well-informed opinion. In this context, I can also say that getting a personal opinion can also improve the decision-making as this provides confidence and reassurance. Students can also utilize the concept of group decisi on making for getting practice conflict management. This will help students to understand multiple perceptions regarding a particular decision. This process also provides the opportunity to identify the difference between a win-lose situation and selecting the effective yet optimized solution. Lastly, I would like to suggest them different psychometric tests regularly so that they can assess their ability and take effective steps to improve with experience. These tests are also liable to improve the leadership ability, which on the other hand ensures the effectiveness of the decision taken. Future improvements can also be obtained based on the points where the decision making skills lack. References Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015. Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. Nelson Education. Ford, R.C. and Richardson, W.D., 2013. Ethical decision making: A review of the empirical literature. In Citation classics from the Journal of Business Ethics (pp. 19-44). Springer Netherlands. Fraedrich, J., Ferrell, L. and Ferrell, O.C., 2013. Ethical decision making in business: A managerial approach. South-Western/Cengage Learning. Frey, D., Schulz-Hardt, S. and Stahlberg, D., 2013. Information seeking among individuals and groups and possible consequences for decision-making in business and politics. Understanding group behavior, 2, pp.211-225. Gal, T., Stewart, T. and Hanne, T. eds., 2013. Multicriteria decision making: advances in MCDM models, algorithms, theory, and applications (Vol. 21). Springer Science Business Media. Glimcher, P.W. and Fehr, E. eds., 2013. Neuroeconomics: Decision making and the brain. Academic Press. Hacklin, F. and Wallnfer, M., 2012. The business model in the practice of strategic decision making: insights from a case study. Management Decision, 50(2), pp.166-188. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014. Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Heugh, K., 2012. Theory and practice-language education models in Africa: Research, design, decision-making and outcomes. Kacprzyk, J. and Fedrizzi, M. eds., 2012. Multiperson decision making models using fuzzy sets and possibility theory (Vol. 18). Springer Science Business Media. Oliveira, A., 2007. A discussion of rational and psychological decision-making theories and models: The search for a cultural-ethical decision-making model. Electronic journal of business ethics and organization studies, 12(2), pp.12-13. Pettigrew, A.M., 2014. The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge. Popovi?, A., Hackney, R., Coelho, P.S. and Jakli?, J., 2012. Towards business intelligence systems success: Effects of maturity and culture on analytical decision making. Decision Support Systems, 54(1), pp.729-739. Thiel, C.E., Bagdasarov, Z., Harkrider, L., Johnson, J.F. and Mumford, M.D., 2012. Leader ethical decision-making in organizations: Strategies for sensemaking. Journal of Business Ethics, 107(1), pp.49-64. Vaiman, V., Scullion, H. and Collings, D., 2012. Talent management decision making. Management Decision, 50(5), pp.925-941. Zimmermann, H.J., 2012. Fuzzy sets, decision making, and expert systems (Vol. 10). Springer Science Business Medi

A Portrait Of Stephen Dedalus As A Young Man A Portrait Of The Artist

A Portrait of Stephen Dedalus as a Young Man A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is above all a portrait of Stephen Dedalus. It is through Stephen that we see his world, and it is his development from sensitive child to rebellious young man that forms the plot of the novel. There are many Stephens, often contradictory. He is fearful yet bold, insecure yet proud, lonely and at the same time afraid of love. One Stephen is a romantic who daydreams of swashbuckling heroes and virginal heroines. The other is a realist at home on Dublin's most sordid streets. One Stephen is too shy to kiss the young lady he yearns for. The other readily turns to prostitutes to satisfy his sexual urges. One is a timid outsider bullied by his classmates. The other is courageous enough to confront and question authority. One devoutly hopes to become a priest. The other cynically rejects religion. Stephen loves his mother, yet eventually hurts her by rejecting her Catholic faith. Taught to revere his fathe r, he can't help but see that Simon Dedalus is a drunken failure. Unhappy as a perpetual outsider, he lacks the warmth to engage in true friendship. "Have you never loved anyone?" his fellow student, Cranly, asks him. "I tried to love God," Stephen replies. "It seems now I failed." The force that eventually unites these contradictory Stephens is his overwhelming desire to become an artist, to create. At the novel's opening we see him as an infant artist who sings "his song." Eventually we'll see him expand that song into poetry and theories of art. At the book's end he has made art his religion, and he abandons family, Catholicism, and country to worship it. The name Joyce gave his hero underscores this aspect of his character. His first name comes from St. Stephen, the first Christian martyr; many readers have seen Stephen as a martyr to his art. His last name comes from the great inventor of Greek myth, Daedalus, whose mazes and waxen wings are the kind of splendid artistic creati ons Stephen hopes to equal in his writing. Just as Stephen is a contradictory figure, we may have contradictory feelings about him. We can believe that he is a brilliant artist who must flee dull, uncultured Dublin at any cost. We can admire his intelligence and courage. We can consider his art well worthy of martyrdom, and consider that it merits comparison with Daedalus' achievements. His theories and poems are, if not masterpieces, at least the works of a man who may someday create a masterpiece. Indeed, we can believe that Stephen may grow up to be very much like the James Joyce who wrote A Portrait of the Artist. On the other hand, we can agree with the readers who call Stephen a supreme egotist, "a posturing, unproven esthete," a self-centered snob who has succumbed to the sin of pride. "You are wrapped up in yourself," says his friend MacCann. We can believe, as some readers do, that Stephen's artistic theories and his works of poetry are at most the products of a clever but shallow mind. Stephen may martyr himself for art, but his martyrdom will be worth nothing because he is too self-absorbed to be a great artist. He is not Daedalus; instead he resembles Daedalus' son, Icarus, who, wearing his father's wings, soared too near the sun and died as a result of foolishness and pride. Or we can take other views. Perhaps Joyce makes fun of Stephen's pretensions while still admiring the bravery that accompanies them. Perhaps Joyce feels sympathy for Stephen's struggles but also feels obliged to mock the less admirable aspects of his hero's character--because he shared those character traits himself. The title of the novel contains two hints we may want to keep in mind as we make our judgment of Stephen: 1. The novel is a portrait of the artist as a young man. Joyce himself said to a friend that his artist was not fully formed yet. Young men often take themselves, and their rebellions, too seriously. Yet they may gain wisdom as they grow older. 2. The novel is a portrait, not the

Inferring Freedom And Equality Essays - Libertarian Theory

Inferring Freedom And Equality Essays - Libertarian Theory Inferring Freedom and Equality Many of Earth?s organisms and processes depend on each other to survive the natural world. First of all, freedom, or "forced to be free," and equality presuppose each other in some instances, but sometimes they are interdependent. For example, if you look into the lower class, people within that class are equal among others in that class. Also, they have freedom inside the boundaries of their status quo. As the view broadens to the whole society, that certain class loses some of its freedom and equality to the aristocracy. In this example, the amount of freedom and equality you receive all depends on money and power. Wealth corrupts the balance of freedom and equality between the social classes in the nation. In all, everyone in a legitimate society has some equality and freedom, however, the how much you get relies on where you stand in the social triangle. In every valid government, every citizen has freedom of their basic rights, but the sense of equality will never be distributed equally between them. This problem is constantly going to true because of the definition of general will: an individual has to alienate some of his natural rights to join the body politic. Therefore, power is distributed to the government, and the people of the nation are not equal. One person will always have power over another. If everyone was equal, chaos would break out into the world, because when nobody governs or rules the citizens, they can do whatever they please. Freedom is preferred in the society rather than equality. A person with freedom would have most rights in the Constitution, but a person with equality would live in a chaotic society, because there is no governing house. Altogether, the presence of freedom and equality together differs with the scope of the condition. America?s concepts of freedom and equality have varied over the course of its history. When the American government was new, only white male property owners had total use of the Constitution?s given rights. Early America also exercised the idea of slavery, where the master and slave relationship exist. But as an intolerance against slavery grew, the masters were forced by the Union to change their illegitimate system to a more legitimate system. This newly built system resulted in all males, property owner or not, having privileges to all rights in the Bill of Rights and the American Constitution. But this method still leaves out a single group of people, women, from the concept of freedom. Also in America, the "separate but equal" issue rose to the surface of controversy over the topic of freedom. All these examples demonstrate where freedom is non-existent to all people in the nation. They also display the same idea of freedom within the private will, but that freedo! m is surrendered to the general will to support a legitimate government. In some cases in the American history, some citizens abandon more rights than others. But as the view travels closer to the present, the difference of the people?s rights between each other gradually diminishes to a negligible amount. This perception of America?s freedom shows an increase of knowledge towards a near-perfect republic. Today, government partially employs the use of total equality. But again, a legitimate government cannot have total equality because of the alienation of certain rights to join the body politic. American government follows the outline of a legitimate government. The checks and balances system balances the amount of power among the three governing houses. Also, the government does not employ a parallel existence of freedom and equality. But that existence is impossible in any legitimate society, according to the description of the body politic and the general will. The individual mind has matured a long way toward this form of structured government, but the basic concept of the government is the natural laws of a human being. Although, man has evolved into a being of great reason, distant from the state of nature, he must look into nature to find a correct and sanctioned regulations and theories.

Harmonisation of International Accounting Standards Essay

Harmonisation of International Accounting Standards - Essay Example The cultural environment of a country plays a significant role in determining the development of its accounting standards and financial reporting system. Infact, it is supposed to have acted as the foundation stone upon which the origin of accounting rests. As Baladouni (1979, p326-327) points out that "the origin, content, or mode of being of accounting was found to be based on cultural and social forces". The accounting structure of a country depends upon social and cultural values prevailing in a society and hence the environment plays an essential role in the diversification of accounting standards among different countries. Mueller (1968) illustrated that the social and environmental conditions the development of accounting standards and principles are the currency composure and balance, legal and political pressures, segregation of ownership and control, economic development and literacy status etc. Nair and Frank (1980) said that the accounting principles and techniques of a c ountry are influenced by its cultural and economic environment. Baladouni (1979) further commented that the â€Å"cultural framework† specifies a group of institutions in the society, representing the most important part of its culture and the feature of general social activities that influence the development of accounting functioning. To assess the basis of distinctness and contrariness lying amongst various cultures, the research carried out by Hofstede is significant as it studies different dimensions.... y depends upon social and cultural values prevailing in a society and hence the environment plays an essential role in the diversification of accounting standards among different countries. Mueller (1968) illustrated that the social and environmental conditions the development of accounting standards and principles are the currency composure and balance, legal and political pressures, segregation of ownership and control, economic development and literacy status etc. Nair and Frank (1980) said that the accounting principles and techniques of a country are influenced by its cultural and economic environment. Baladouni (1979) further commented that the "cultural framework" specifies a group of institutions in the society, representing the most important part of its culture and the feature of general social activities that influence the development of accounting functioning. To assess the basis of distinctness and contrariness lying amongst various cultures, the research carried out by Hofstede (1980, 1983 and 1987) is significant as it studies different dimensions of drawing a comparison and distinction between different cultures prevailing in different nations influencing upon their accounting standards. The four dimensions pointed out by Hofstede (1987, p4-5) best illuminate the ground on which we can rest the reasons behind major cultural differences among various countries. These dimensions are as follows: Power Distance: This refers to the distance or balance of power between the giant and the small dwelling in the society. It is about how responsible a society evaluating the distribution of power among different members of the society. This aspect may vary form nation to nation as not every nation equally distributes the power among its members. Uncertainty